OCTN1 (Yellow): Low-affinity carnitine transporter participates in carnitine transport in various tissues
In contrast to the incretin hormones, where cleavage by DPP-4 results in a loss of their insulinotropic activity, cleavage of PYY results in altered receptor selectivity
Human data most strongly support weight-loss-mediated improvements in pain, function, and rehabilitation feasibility, whereas direct cartilage-, synovium-, subchondral bone-, or structure-modifying effects remain unproven
Interestingly, research shows that mindfulness meditation training improved quality of life and resilience, and reduced stress while increasing glutathione levels
Although direct evidence for GLP-1RA use in PsA remains limited, the inclusion of PsA populations in these tirzepatide trials represents a conceptual shift toward testing immunometabolic interventions in inflammatory arthritis rather than restricting their evaluation to skin disease alone
A 2024 study compared the effects of oral semaglutide and injectable semaglutide on blood sugar levels and weight loss in people with type 2 diabetes