Use of vitamin B12-containing dietary supplements
Unlike peptides, vitamin B-12 is an essential micronutrient required for normal physiological function
Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase known as a master regulator of metabolic health, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular longevity pathways
In addition, the ability of your body to absorb vitamin B12 from food can be hindered by certain medications, such as metformin, proton pump inhibitors, and antacids
Other risk factors for B12 deficiency are stress, excessive alcohol use, and smoking
Individuals adhering to vegetarian or vegan eating patterns have heightened vulnerability to B12 insufficiency, potentially experiencing symptoms like chronic tiredness, unpredictable mood fluctuations, and diminished mental clarity