Last reviewed: May 30, 2026 Last updated: May 30, 2026 Written by: Jay Hastings, CEO of PlexusDx Jay Hastings is the CEO of PlexusDx, a precision health company focused on genetic testing, blood biomarker insights, and personalized wellness recommendations
If you experience symptoms like swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing, seek medical help right away
Q: Can I take Vitamin B12 supplements instead
Inflammatory bowel syndrome, intestinal lymphomas, vomiting or diarrhea are reported to cause problems in cobalamin absorption
Lipotropic injections are inappropriate or require careful evaluation in patients with known allergies to any component, uncontrolled medical conditions, significant renal or hepatic impairment, B12-related disorders, or pregnancy and breastfeeding
CD38 deficiency promotes skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue energy expenditure through activating NAD(+)-Sirt1-PGC1 signaling pathway