SGLT2 inhibitors have shown clear-cut renal benefits in the CREDENCE and DAPA-CKD (NCT03036150) trials, which have also been confirmed in meta-analyses.17,37 The natriuresis induced by SGLT2 inhibitors stimulates tubuloglomerular feedback and vasoconstriction in afferent arterioles, thus reducing glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria.26,38,39 Concomitant use of RAAS inhibitors is reported to have synergistic effects on renal tubules, slowing down the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).40 The aforementioned shift in metabolic energetics is believed to inhibit oxidative stress and ischaemic injury, not only in myocardium but also in renal tubules.29,38 Reduction in BP and body weight as well as increase in uric acid excretion are all postulated as renoprotective mechanisms.39 The benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors are not always apparent
Willoughby) that was published in 2015
Liu H, Dear AE, Knudsen LB, Simpson RW: A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue attenuates induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and vascular adhesion molecules
A few drinks can add 300 to 800 calories without registering as food
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