Collectively, ROS-induced mtDNA damage, m dissipation, mPTP activation, and Ca 2+ dysregulation converge to drive mitochondrial collapse, ATP depletion, and skeletal myocyte apoptosis or necrosis-ultimately contributing to the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy (Chen et al., 2023)
NSAIDs also have harmful effects on the liver, kidneys, GI tract and cardiovascular system, while steroids can affect blood sugar levels and cause weight gain, exacerbating metabolic issues that contribute to knee OA
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Strategy is a hypothesis to be tested every quarter