As a vital constituent of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), macrophage possesses two exact opposite-in-function phenotypes, M1 and M2, the former polarized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), producing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-, the latter polarized by Th2 cytokines, producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF- [20]
Skin tone, clarity, and overall radiance improve gradually with regular use
The positive control (distilled water) and the negative control (saline solution) were also performed
C th s dng theo liu trnh khong 3 thng , sau nh gi nhu cu tip tc hoc ngh theo t vn ca chuyn gia y t
The number of sessions varies depending on skin concerns, lifestyle, and individual wellness goals
El-Sakka, A