Against those benchmarks, oral agents currently sit at a level of efficacy that is meaningful but measurably lower
van der Lely, A
Correct dosing, sterile technique, safe sharps disposal and recognising a reaction are all part of the procedure, not optional extras
The body responds to repeated needle trauma by forming fibrous tissue, tiny areas of scarring that alter the local architecture of the subcutaneous layer
And when broken down by lean mass vs fat mass loss by DEXA scan it was similar to semaglutide 70% fat, 30% lean, which is also in line with bariatric surgery
While liraglutide improved spatial cognition, it also reduced astrocytes and microglia activity, ameliorated amount of A levels and mitochondrial dysfunction in cortical and hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, and prevented neuron loss by activating cAMP/PKA pathway in brain of 5FAD mice (188, 208)