The peptides under investigation, include: Nle-AngIV (Nle-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) and its analogs such as D-Nle-YIH, acetyl-NleYIH, -amino butyric acid-YIH, NleYI-amide, and the primary focus, N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide (Dihexa)
10.3109/15563650.2016.1159309 9 CaoZ.MouR.CaoZ.LinX.MaY.ZhuZ.et al
Promoter region includes TSS1500, TSS200, 5UTR, and 1st exon regions
however, it leads to dependence when combined with opioids such as hydrocodone and oxycodone
a 2014 analysis in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology found a mean QTc increase of 4.8 ms at therapeutic doses [10]
Strengths: No needles Higher bioavailability than oral spray for some peptide sequences Convenient, discreet administration Does not require first-pass metabolism considerations Considerations: Patient technique still matters Nasal irritation in some patients Seasonal nasal congestion can affect absorption Sublingual: A Close Cousin to Oral Spray Sublingual delivery places the peptide under the tongue for mucosal absorption