As noted, endogenous GLP-1 has a very short half-life of 12 min because it is rapidly degraded by the enzyme DPP-4, which results in low systemic levels
10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105439 3
10.1016/s0741-5214(97)70211-8 23 DutraF
Taken together, these findings suggest that carnitine pool homeostasis is closely related to inflammatory and immune homeostasis, tumor development, and immune escape, providing new perspectives and potential targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer
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Among several strategies for lifestyle intervention, regular exercise is conducive to the transformation of energy utilization, and the energy intake is more inclined to be consumed rather than stored, thus reducing weight regain