Upon internalization, pyrophosphodiester passes through the endosome-lysosome pathway, which undergoes a two-step enzymatic linker cleavage, releasing first the payload-monophosphate molecule, followed by the free payload
That is why rigid timelines can mislead you
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These ROSs high chemical reactivity allows them to target lipids, proteins, and DNA within cell membranes, resulting in severe consequences such as lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, loss of protein functionality, and DNA strand breaks (Zhang et al., 2018
Before we discuss more about glutathione, we need to understand free radicals and antioxidants
Cellular redox homeostasis