Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress contribute to secondary brain injury
Both Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis extracts and rhynchophylline inhibited KA-induced IL-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression, which were related to enhanced neuronal excitability after KA injection [40, 42, 43]
It is involved in many regulatory functions in the body and helps to decrease toxins in the body and may improve immune function
Clin Sci (Lond) 99:4756 Legouis D, Faivre A, Cipp PE, de Seigneux S (2020) Renal gluconeogenesis: an underestimated role of the kidney in systemic glucose metabolism
Cheignon C, Tomas M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Faller P, Hureau C, Collin F
Figures 3 and 4 depict the core mechanistic pathways and their contributions to systemic inflammation, which is supported by Table 1 , which anchors these generic pathways in well-characterized strains