The catalytic activity of the molecule was suggested to be, at least partially, involved (since insulin signaling was improved following inclusion of a DPP-4 inhibitor), but the DPP-4 substrate(s) mediating the effect were not identified
In 2022, one study discovered that DEX postconditioning could enhance GSH and GPX4 levels in the myocardium, preventing cardiac damage and ferroptosis caused by I/R [232]
It should be taken daily on an empty stomach with no more than 4 ounces of water, at least 30 minutes before eating or drinking
This study was supported by Centros de Investigacin Biomdica En Red (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the ISCIII, Madrid (Spain), RIC-0539-2018 and PI-0092-2017 from Consejera de Salud (Junta de Andaluca), PI15/01114 and PI18/01160 from the ISCIII (Madrid, Spain) and co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
Early phases may show faster results, with gradual tapering over time
Once inside, those fatty acids are burned as fuel instead of being stored