Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year
Abbreviations BMD: Bone mineral density CRP: C-reactive protein DKK1: Dickkopf-1 DXA: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry FGF-23: Fibroblast growth factor-23 IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1 IL-6: Interleukin-6 LC: L-carnitine OPG: Osteoprotegerin OPN: Osteopontin RM: One-repetition maximum RT: Resistance training SOST: Sclerostin SPARC: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine/osteonectin TC: Total carnitine TMA: Trimethylamine TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- References Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY, Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for C
Bone status in obese, non-diabetic, antipsychotic-treated patients, and effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density
Importantly, these medications are indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for weight management, not as standalone treatments
use barrier methods first 12 months of use
A provider who explains this reasoning clearly tends to leave patients with a more realistic sense of what a supervised plan actually involves