While these investigations explore various biological pathways, it is important to emphasize that there are no approved therapeutic uses, and findings are based primarily on animal and in-vitro research
However, recent insights suggest that the gut and brain GLP-1 systems operate largely independently with mRNA transcripts for proglucagon (GCG), the precursor peptide for GLP-1, being abundant in the brainstem, particularly within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS
For some, this might mean an improvement, but for others, it could lead to fluctuations that need monitoring
Curr Neuropharmacol 8:6268 Booth HDE, Hirst WD, Wade-Martins R (2017) The role of astrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis
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