This rapid and sustained effect is biologically plausible, as GLP-1 receptors are expressed in key central nervous system areas implicated in reward, motivation, stress, and addiction.20 At clinically therapeutic doses, GLP-1 receptor agonists cross the blood-brain barrier and are thought to modulate dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic system, reducing the rewarding properties of addictive drugs.314202168697071 Other potential mechanisms include the potentiation of inhibitory -aminobutyric acid-ergic tone,72 modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis, serotonin, and glutamate systems,18192021 and indirect neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that could mitigate the chronic neurobiological consequences of SUDs.62 Limitations and strengths of this study This study has several limitations
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The GLP-1 journey: from discovery science to therapeutic impact
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In vitro studies on human mononuclear cells also showed that alogliptin (0.5, 1 and 5 nM) treatment for 24 h exhibited a decrease in TLR-4 mediated increase in IL-1 and IL-6 [55]
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