Owing to their similar properties to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) (high water content, porous structure, and biocompatibility) 14 , hydrogel scaffolds have been widely investigated in tissue engineering, in which injectable hydrogels with the potential for minimally invasive surgery and facile stem cells and drug loading capacities have been verified to have a positive effect on the stimulation of cartilage regeneration 15,16
The present study emulated a target trial to avoid immortal time and selection bias, chose a second-line glucose-lowering therapy as an active comparator to reduce confounding by indication, used an outcome definition based only on primary care records to minimize detection bias due to differential hospitalizations, and implemented a lag time to mitigate bias due to reverse causality
PMID: 132 ChengJMaXTaoJJiangXChenPDuanX
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Examples of these are: Hydrolysis The chemical breakdown of a peptide bond through reaction with water, resulting in chain cleavage
Complex dosing schedules : These protocols require meticulous monitoring and documentation, adding to the workload and operational costs