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This represents a precautionary approach rather than a requirement based on proven deficiency risk

According to 2008 research, your body only absorbs about 1.3 percent of a 1,000 mcg oral dose and 2 percent of a 500 mcg oral dose

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The following conditions can cause absorption to be inadequate: Overgrowth of bacteria in part of the small intestine Impaired absorption (malabsorption disorders such as celiac disease or certain pancreatic disorders) Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the last part of the small intestine (IBS) Surgery that removes the part of the small intestine where vitamin B12 is absorbed Drugs such as antacids and metformin (used to treat diabetes) Repeated exposure to nitrous oxide (laughing gas) Lack of intrinsic factor Decreased stomach acidity (common among older people) Intrinsic factor may be lacking because abnormal antibodies, produced by an overactive immune system that attacks and destroys the stomach cells that produce intrinsic factor (An autoimmune reaction called autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.) Intrinsic factor may be lacking because the part of the stomach where intrinsic factor is produced was surgically removed

Any specific half-life value for humans would not be supported by published data