While some of these benefits come indirectly via weight loss, GLP-1s seem to also directly impact different organs by reducing inflammation or via other biological pathways
This gets less and less so as we drink too often or too much
These medications can improve heart function, reduce adverse cardiovascular events and even help specific groups, such as patients who have had cardiac bypass surgery, achieve better outcomes
What the animal studies cannot tell us includes optimal human dosing, population-specific responses (elderly, children, pregnancy), long-term safety in humans, rare side effects that require large sample sizes to detect, and interactions with medications or medical conditions
In MPTP-induced PD models, liraglutide treatment reduced the levels of neuroinflammatory markers in the substantia nigra through AMPK activation and NF-B reduction [88]
Pancreatic and intestinal processing of proglucagon in man