Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: an overview
Doctors also dont check B12 levels during routine blood work as most of the time its stored in the liver with years of stock, or its symptoms may get confused with the symptoms of other conditions

These are all the conditions listed in the patent: Conditions and Disorders: Stress-Related Diseases & Disorders Gastrointestinal Conditions Ulcers in any part of the gastrointestinal tract General anti-inflammatory activity Gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases Crohns disease Acute pancreatitis Organoprotective Needs Diseases, conditions, or disorders requiring organoprotective activity Viral Infections Hepatitis A Herpes strains Influenza A Arthropod-borne (ARBO) viruses, including: Tick-borne encephalitis West Nile fever Dengue (types 1-4) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus Feline leukemia virus Oncology & Tumors Melanoma and related tumors Tissue & Wound Healing Accelerated healing of wounds, burns, and bone fractures Regeneration of ruptured nerve linkages Achilles tendon and muscle repair Spinal cord injury recovery Nitric Oxide (NO)-Related Disorders Hypertension Hypotension Anaphylaxis Circulatory and septic shock Thrombocyte aggregation Neurological & Autoimmune Disorders Multiple sclerosis Myasthenia gravis Lupus erythematosus Neuropathy Somatosensory nerve dysfunction Asthma Rhinitis Pemphigus Eczema Neurochemical & Substance-Related Disorders Catecholaminergic dysfunction Schizophrenia Withdrawal effects from amphetamines, drugs, and alcohol Corticosteroid & NSAID-Related Disorders Ophthalmological Conditions Squamous degeneration of the macula Vascular & Circulatory Needs Conditions requiring rapid reorganization of blood supply Animal Health & Reproductive Enhancement Weight gain in animals Increased sperm stability in storage (in animals) Liver & Pancreatic Conditions Hepatic and pancreatic lesions While this list seems impressive, BPC-157 would have a much easier time coming to market if one disease state was focused on and pushed through the regulatory process

Most clinical evidence comes from dermatology and wound-healing studies with sample sizes under 100 participants
Understanding why helps set appropriate expectations
Chronic oxidative stress in T2DM impairs all major immune cell classes, creating a compounding vulnerability to infection, inflammation, and long-term complications