According to the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, functional B12 deficiency is most commonly seen in patients with one or more of the following: Age over 50 stomach acid production declines with age, and stomach acid is required to free B12 from food PPI or H2 blocker use reflux medications suppress the acid needed for B12 absorption Metformin use, which interferes with B12 absorption directly Vegan or vegetarian diets B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products Gut conditions including celiac, IBS, SIBO, and Crohns MTHFR mutations that affect how B12 is metabolized once absorbed Heavy alcohol use The symptoms of low B12 are easy to dismiss: fatigue, brain fog, low mood, tingling in the hands or feet, weakness, and shortness of breath on mild exertion
doi: 10.1159/000320559 9 BobbalaD.AlesutanI.FllerM.TschanS.HuberS
Compared with control animals, there was strong upregulation of Nos3, slight upregulation of Nos1, and suppression of Nos2
But here is what that headline does not tell you
Bland and gentle foods are often the easiest, such as toast, rice, oatmeal, bananas, applesauce, broth-based soups, yogurt, and protein shakes
provide valuable insights into the structural basis of the functional versatility of tirzepatide and peptide 20 by cryo-electron microscopy (126)