This inhibition preserves cellular NAD+ levels, enhancing mitochondrial function, improving fat oxidation, and supporting overall metabolic health
Of course, older adults, people over age 50 in particular, tend to have the lowest B12 levels, though vegetarians and those who have undergone gastric bypass surgery are also at a higher risk
But human data is currently limited to several small studies
A healthcare professional will typically conduct blood tests to diagnose a B12 deficiency before recommending injections
Because robust human safety data are limited, it is difficult to give a definitive side-effect profile with meaningful incidence rates
Individuals receiving B12 supplementation may occasionally experience injection site reactions or, rarely, hypersensitivity